Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Stone Cladding-mwala

Kuvala mwala ndiko kuyambitsa kwa facade kunyumba kapena nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo osapangidwa ndi miyala yopyapyala. Mwawona maonekedwe m'nyumba za Art and Crafts, kusaka ndi masitolo ogulitsa nsomba, komanso ofesi ya dermatologist. Mudzawawona atayikidwa m'nyumba, mwina pamalo omwe mumakonda khofi. Makoma amenewa amapereka chithunzithunzi cha miyala yomangika, yomangika, yomwe anthu amaiona kuti ndi yokongola mosakhalitsa. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mbali zabwino, zoipa, ndi zodula za kumanga miyala.

Natural Rough Face Ledgerstone Systems Yakunja Kwa Khoma

Tikhoza kuyamba ndi kupeza chogwirira pa zomwe cladding miyala. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza kupanga khoma kapena khoma lotchinga lomwe silikhala lolemera koma lalo, malinga ndi Whole Building Design Guide. Veneers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gawo lomwe lilipo ngati kutchingira khoma, pomwe makoma a chinsalu amakhala odzithandizira okha omwe amakhazikika pamapangidwe omwe alipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zigawo izi - mwala, mawonekedwe othandizira, ndi anangula - zitha kukhala zolemetsa. Chotsatira chake, mphamvu ya machitidwewa pansi pa katundu woyembekezeredwa ayenera kukhala katatu kapena kasanu ndi katatu kofunikira. Ngati vinyl siding ikuwomba m'nyumba, nyumbayo ikhoza kukhala pangozi yoyenda pang'onopang'ono yokhudzana ndi nkhungu kapena mayanjano a eni nyumba, koma ngati miyala yolemetsa itachoka pamiyendo yawo, zoopsa zake zimakhalapo nthawi yomweyo. Kufunika koyika mwala pamiyala kumayenderana ndi ma plumbing mwinanso ntchito yamagetsi.

Zokwera za miyala yozungulira
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The beauty of stone justifies the increased expense for many, especially considering the other benefits of stone, including durability, ease of maintenance, fire resistance, and (when it comes to natural stone) weather resistance, and improved resale value, according to Eco Outdoor. Manufactured stone has some advantages that reduce its installation costs. First and foremost, it's lighter — less than half as heavy (via Precision Contracting Services). This makes it more flexible as a building material in general, which means it can be used in more ways (or far more easily) than natural stone. It's also much less expensive, further extending its usefulness (via National Association of Realtors). Plus, manufactured stone is virtually indistinguishable from natural stone to the untrained eye ... and even to the trained eye, from a little distance.

Ndi ndalama zoyenera, zida zambiri zam'mbali zimatha kufanana ndi moto wamwala komanso kukana kwanyengo, kulimba, komanso mtengo wogulitsanso. Koma kuyika kwabwino kwa vinyl siding yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi sikungafanane ndi kukongola kwa miyala, yomwe ndi mwayi wake wosagonjetseka kuposa njira zina.

Zoipa: Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kupeŵa zotchingira miyala
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Pali zovuta zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zopangira miyala, ndipo pamapeto pake izi zimatsika pamtengo wowonjezera womanga. Si ntchito ndi zipangizo kukhazikitsa cladding; ndalama zowonjezera zimawonjezeka pomanga kapena kusintha kamangidwe kamene kamasunga zotchingira bwino. Zofunikira zamapangidwe zimathandizira kubisala kukana mphamvu yokoka, mphepo, ndi zivomezi, malinga ndi CE Center. Akatswiri opanga mapangidwe amawerengera mphamvu izi ndi kuwerengera kofananira, zomwe oyika ayenera kuzilemekeza mosamala. Ndipo mwala wachilengedwe uyenera kuyikidwa bwino, kutsukidwa, ndi kusindikizidwa kuti pasakhale kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi chinyezi panyumbayo kapena zotchingira zokha (kudzera pa Eco Outdoor).

Zofunikira pamwala wopangidwa ndizofanana, ngati ndizochepa kwambiri. Miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala imakhala yopanda madzi (palibe zomangira), ndipo kuyika molakwika kungayambitse zovuta za chinyezi. Musanapite patsogolo ndi kusintha kwa khoma lanu, muyenera kukonzekera ndikuvomereza zonse zomwe zingatheke.

Mitundu ya miyala yophimba
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Pali mitundu itatu yofunikira ya kuyika miyala. Zovala zachikhalidwe za m'manja nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'makalasi ngati mwala, koma zowonda kwambiri, akutero Architizer. Kachitidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Komano, zotchingira zotchingira mvula nthawi zambiri zimakhala mwala wocheperako kwambiri womwe umamangiriridwa pansi pake ndi makina otsekera ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kabowo kolowera mpweya komanso ngalande zochotsa chinyezi.

Zovala zamwambo, monga momwe mungaganizire, ndikukonzekera zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimapangidwira pomanga kapena kukhazikitsa. Itha kupangidwa ndi zisankho zachilendo (monga njerwa, matailosi, kapena mwala wachilengedwe), ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito inayake yosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi zosankha zina. Njira ina yothandiza yogawa miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yonyowa kapena yowuma. Kuyika kwa zonyowa kumaphatikizapo kuyika mapanelo amiyala kapena mwala mumatope molunjika pagawo laling'ono, pomwe kuyika kwapang'onopang'ono kowuma kumateteza siding ndi slip system.

Stone cladding zipangizo ndi makhalidwe awo
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Mwala wamtundu uliwonse uli ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zokhudzana ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwa nazo, makina omangira omwe amafunikira, komanso zosankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira kapena kuzithandizira. Muyeneranso kuyeza magwiridwe antchito a zotchingira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kuposa zina koma zimathanso kutengeka ndi zovuta zobwera chifukwa cha kuyika kolakwika.

Miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi simenti / konkire yokhala ndi aggregate ndi pigment yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi iron oxide. Zovala zina zopangidwa tsopano zimapangidwanso ndi polyurethane. Mwala wachilengedwe ukhoza kudulidwa kuchokera ku basalt, bluestone, granite, Jerusalem stone, laimu, marble, onyx, sandstone slate, ndi ena. Zonsezi zimapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe, monga mwa Stone Panels.

Kwakhala kofunika kwambiri kuzindikira kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe cha zipangizo. Mwala wachilengedwe umapereka kukhazikika kwabwino koma kuyika kwa miyala yopangidwa (yopangidwa) kumakhala ndi zabwino zina zomwe zingatheke potengera mphamvu zamagetsi (kudzera Zomanga ndi Zomangamanga). Tiyeni tione zina mwa makhalidwe amenewa mwatsatanetsatane.

Mphamvu yophimba miyala
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Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha kuyika miyala ndi mphamvu yake. Ngakhale kuvala mwala sikulemetsa monga mwachizolowezi "kunyamula kulemera kwa zinthu zonse pamwamba pake," kumanyamula katundu wosiyanasiyana. Pepala lomwe linaperekedwa ku Building Envelope Technology Symposium mu 2008 likufotokoza za kafukufuku waumisiri wokhudzana ndi kulephera koopsa mu gulu la nsangalabwi lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1970s. Chilankhulo cha mainjiniya ndi asayansi chimangobisala pang'ono mfundo yamunthu yomwe simukufuna kuti nsangalabwi agwere pa anthu.

Katundu wopangidwa ndi miyala yotchinga ndi monga mphepo ndi zivomezi, kugunda kwa mizinga (nthawi zambiri zinthu zomwe zimatha kugwedezeka ndi mphepo yamkuntho), komanso ngakhale kuphulika. Kulimba kwa cladding kumaphatikizanso kukhazikika kwa kuzizira komanso kulimba kwanthawi yayitali. Mphamvu zonsezi zimakonzedweratu ndikuyesedwa zinthu zisanachitike (kudzera pa Stone Panels).

Kodi kuyika kwa veneer ndi chiyani?
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Apanso, kuyika miyala si ntchito ya DIY. Kuyika konyowa (kapena kutsatiridwa mwachindunji) mwina ndi komwe kungathe kulephera chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino, koma zowuma, zomata ndi makina ndi ntchito yaukadaulo yomwe ndiyovuta komanso yokwera mtengo, malinga ndi Quality Marble's Natural Stone Cladding Guide For Architects.

Komanso, si ntchito yamtundu wanji yomwe katswiri womanga nyumba angadziwe. Pamamangidwe amtundu wamatabwa, mwala wopangidwa molunjika umafunikanso chotchinga cha Water Resistive Barrier, lath ndi zomangira, malaya opaka matope ndi bedi loyimilira, kulira, ndi mwala womwewo ndi matope ake (kudzera mwa Stone Cultured).

Njira yoyikamo ndi yovuta, yokhala ndi zosiyana ndi zosankha pazochitika zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la National Concrete Masonry Association (AMSV) limapanga kalozera wamasamba 77 wokhala ndi zithunzi 48 pazophatikizira zilizonse zopangira ma sheathing ndi mafelemu, kufotokoza kutulutsa ndi kulowa kulikonse komwe kungasokoneze chotchingacho (kudzera NCMA).

Kuyika makina kumafunikira mwanjira ina. Zomangira zomangira zowuma zimapezeka ndikubowoleredwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuyika bwino ndikupewa kuswa mwala. Mwalawu sunapangidwe mwamapangidwe, kotero ndikofunikira kuyika ma dowels kapena zomangira zina monga momwe wopanga amafotokozera. Ntchitoyi imatha kupita mwachangu m'manja olondola, koma, sikoyenera kwa novices (kudzera mwa Quality Marble).

Chifukwa chiyani anthu amavutikira: Kupanga & kukongola
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Miyala yamiyala yayamba kufunidwa kwambiri ngakhale idangopezeka pamalonda pafupifupi zaka 40. Izi ndichifukwa choti anthu amakopeka ndi kukongola kwachilengedwe, kuyengedwa, komanso (mowona) kuwononga ndalama zomangira miyala. Komanso ndithu kusintha. Pali mitundu yambiri ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe angapo omaliza (monga opukutidwa, oyeretsedwa, opangidwa ndi mchenga). Kuvala miyala kumathandizira masitayelo ambiri omanga, kuphatikiza Adirondack, Zojambula ndi Zojambula, zomangamanga zamapiri, Shingle, Storybook, ndi masitaelo omanga a Tuscan, mwa ena, malinga ndi Hendricks Architecture.

Pankhani ya kalembedwe kamwalawo, njira zambiri zimawonekera pamiyala, kuphatikiza mwala wa Artesia, zinyalala za dziko, mwala wozungulira, mwala wamiyala, mwala wa mapiri, mwala wachilengedwe, ndi mwala wowunjika (kudzera McCoy Mart). Ngakhale kuyika miyala sikunapangidwe, kuyenera kuwoneka ngati chithandizo. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi miyala, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa giredi ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimayika maziko a nyumbayo, zomwe zimasokoneza maso.

There might be another somewhat less concrete reason we are drawn to stone. Jason F. McLennan, CEO of the International Living Future Institute, calls it "biophilia," and says that we are attracted to "elemental" materials in their simplest forms because we know they last. There is a part of us that understands that these are the building blocks of nature. This is how we build. This is how we have always built," he told BuildingGreen.

Magwiridwe a miyala cladding
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"Kugwira ntchito" kumawoneka ngati njira yosamvetseka yowunikira khoma, koma ndi mawonekedwe chabe omwe amaphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali, kulimba, kukonzanso, ndi mtengo wazitsulo, pakati pa ena. Zambiri mwa izi ndi zogwirizana, likufotokoza pepala lolembedwa ku Technical University of Lisbon. Kukhalitsa kumawerengedwa ngati "moyo wantchito," zomwe zimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe nyumba ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zake zogwirira ntchito. Nkhani zokhazikika zimakhudza kukonza, ndithudi, ndipo chisamaliro chodzitetezera n'chofunika kuti chiwonjezeke moyo wautumiki. Ndipo mwachiwonekere, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhazikika kumakhudzana ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji yomwe imagwira ntchito movomerezeka, chifukwa moyo wautumiki waufupi ungafune kupeza zambiri (kudzera migodi, ndi zina zotero).

Researchers found that natural stone had a benchmark service life of 40 years (evaluated for general physical deterioration and color changes) or 64 years (evaluated for localized degradation). Manufacturers' warranties range from 20 to 75 years (via Be.On Stone). Research and warranties are probably the best places to get durability information about stone cladding, as the industry is full of hyperbolic language about the longevity and invincibility of natural stone.

Of course, the durability of natural stone is related to its density, which also affects how easy the material is to handle, cut, and install. This not only leads to high installation costs, but without careful execution, the weight can lead to degradation and even, on rare occasions, panel failure — the opposite of durability.

Kukonza: Gawo losavuta
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Kukonza zokutira mwala wachilengedwe komanso wopangidwa mwaluso zimatengera kuyeretsa mosamala. Mankhwala owopsa amatha kuwononga miyala yachilengedwe komanso miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala. Kuyeretsa kumasokonekera chifukwa chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira mphamvu nthawi zambiri sikuloledwa, makamaka pamiyala yopangidwa. Fieldstone Veneer imalimbikitsa kuyeretsa mwala wachilengedwe ndi chotsukira chocheperako komanso burashi yofewa. Nthawi zonse ndikwanzeru kutsatira malingaliro opanga ngati chotsukira china (kapena chotsukira) chatchulidwa. Ndi bwino kunyowetsa mwala musanagwiritse ntchito chotsukira, kupewa kuti chotsuka chochulukira chosapangidwa ndi madzi chisalowedwe ndi mwala.

Malangizo oyeretsera pamiyala yopangidwa ndi miyala ndi ofanana: Yambani ndi madzi opopera pang'ono, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira chocheperako chokhala ndi burashi yofewa (kudzera pa ProVia). Pewani maburashi a waya ndi zidulo, kuphatikizapo viniga. Ngati chosindikizira chikulimbikitsidwa pamtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala, tsatirani mosamala malangizo ochokera kwa opanga miyala ya miyala ndi osindikiza.

Kukhazikika kwa kuyika miyala
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Kukhazikika kwa kuyika kwa miyala kumachokera ku kukhazikika kwake komanso kusinthika kwake. Mwala wachilengedwe ndi pafupifupi 100% wobwezeretsedwanso. Kuwongolera kwaposachedwa kwa kachitidwe ka migodi ndi kuyang'anira zachilengedwe kwasintha kwambiri zotsatira za miyala m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi (kudzera ku Natural Stone Institute). "Kubiriwira" kwa mwala wachilengedwe kumakulitsidwanso ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikiza kuti nthawi zambiri satulutsa ma VOCs ndipo amafuna kuti palibe mankhwala opangira. BuildingGreen imasiyanitsa izi ndi zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso, zina zomwe zimatha kukhala zodzaza ndi petrochemicals (makamaka mwala wopangidwa ndi polyurethane) ndi zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafunikira mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi.

Mwala wopangidwa uli ndi othandizira ake omwe amalimbikitsa kuyenerera kwa chilengedwe. Iwo amati kuwononga chilengedwe kwa miyala yopangidwa ndi injiniya kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kudalira miyala yowononga komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yokhudzana ndi kunyamula zinthu zopepuka. Ndipo poyerekeza ndi pulasitiki, vinyl, kapena matabwa opangidwa ndi matabwa, miyala yopangidwa sidalira kwambiri mankhwala panthawi yopanga (kudzera ku Casa di Sassi).

Insulation ya cladding
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Zomwe zimapangidwira mwala wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimatamandidwa muzogulitsa ndi zolemba zamaluso, koma Texture Plus imanena kuti mwala siwoteteza bwino koma ndi misa yotentha yomwe imatha kusunga kutentha. Kunena zoona, izi zimakhala zopindulitsa m'miyezi yozizira kuposa pamene kunja kukutentha. Kafukufuku wa Natural Stone Council "Natural Stone Solar Reflectance Index ndi Urban Heat Island Effect" akufotokoza kuti kuyamwa kwa kutentha kumawonjezera ndalama zoziziritsa, motero, kuwononga chilengedwe.

Ndiye tsogolo la zonsezi ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tione manambala ena. Ma insulators amatenthedwa bwino amakhala ndi matenthedwe otsika pa inchi, owonetsedwa mu "R-value per inchi," pomwe mayendedwe apamwamba amakhala abwinoko. Pakati pa zida zomangira zomangira, fiberglass batt insulation imakhala ndi R-value inchi imodzi ya 2.9 mpaka 3.8, batt ubweya wamiyala kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 4.2, cellulose lotayirira kuchokera 3.1 mpaka 3.8, ndi thovu lotsekeka la cell kuchokera 5.6 mpaka 8.0 (kudzera Lero Mwini Nyumba) . Pazifukwa zabwino, mwala uli ndi ma-inchi a R-values ​​kuyambira .027 (Quartzite) mpaka .114 (Limestone) kudzera ku Natural Stone Institute. Mtengo wa R pa inchi wa miyala yopangidwa ndi miyala nthawi zambiri imakhala moyandikana ndi .41 pa inchi (kudzera pa Improvement Center). Kumbukirani kuti makoma ndi otetezedwa popanda kutchingira, ndiye izi sizomwe zili / kapena momwe zinthu ziliri, ndipo kuyika kumawonjezera mtengo wa R pakuyika kwanu komwe kulipo. M'malo mwake, kuyika kwapang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera mtengo wa R, mpaka 4 kapena 5 pamtengo wa R wa khoma lonse.

Komabe, pankhani ya bang for buck wanu, kuyika mwala kumakhala ndi maubwino omveka bwino kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Pankhani, kusungunula magalasi a fiberglass pakhoma lamakono la 2x4 kumatha kukhala ndi mtengo wa R wa 15, ndipo kumawononga $ 1 pa phazi lililonse kapena kuchepera. Chifukwa chake zingakhale zomveka kuyang'ana m'malo mwake pazabwino zina monga kutetezedwa kwanyengo, kusawotcha moto, kukweza mtengo wogulitsiranso, komanso kukongola.

Mtengo wa cladding
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Ndiye mukulipira chiyani pakuteteza nyengo, kusawotcha, mtengo wogulitsiranso, komanso kukongola? Mitengo yotchingira miyala ili ponseponse pamapu, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtengo wa miyala yachilengedwe ndi miyala yotsika mtengo. M'dziko lonselo, mtengo woyika pa-square-foot umakhala pakati pa $5 (mwala wopangidwa wotsika mtengo) ndi $48 (mwala wachilengedwe wamtengo wapatali), malinga ndi Modernize Home Services. Kuyika kwamiyala kumawononga ndalama zoyambira $30,000 mpaka $50,000, ndi dziko lonse $37,500 (kudzera Fixr). Mwachiwonekere, ngati mukuganiza zokhala ndi miyala, ntchito yanu idzakhala yapadera, ndipo ndalama zanu zidzasiyana ndi izi, mwina zambiri.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, onse a Fixr ndi Modernize amaponya "mwala wabodza" pakusakaniza pokambirana zamitengo. Mwala wonyezimira nthawi zambiri umafotokoza chinthu chopangidwa ndi thovu chomwe chimawoneka modabwitsa ngati mwala wachilengedwe ndipo chimatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi DIYer. Koma sitinanyalanyaze mwala wonyezimira muzokambirana zathu chifukwa ulibe zina mwazofunikira zomwe zimafunikira pakukambitsirana kwamiyala. Zonse zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi mwala ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Ndiye ndigwiritse ntchito kapena ayi?
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Mukamawerenga za zinthu zomanga miyala, nthawi zina mumakumana ndi zonena zazikulu za mabwinja akale omwe akutanthauza, kapena kunena mosapita m'mbali, kuti bwalo lamasewera lachiroma kapena zinyalala zina zochititsa chidwi ndi umboni wa kutalika kwa miyala. Ndipo, zoona: Mwala ndi wolimba. Komabe, nyumba za miyala sizikhalitsa. Hendricks Architecture amabwera pomwe akunena kuti: Stone sizinthu zomangira zomwe zimalephera chifukwa cha katundu wina, monga zochitika za zivomezi. Njira zomangira zadutsa kwambiri kuposa miyala yamwala.

Komabe, chomwe chimapulumuka ndi chithunzi cha kulimba kopangidwa ndi mwala. Chifukwa chake, pezani izi: Mwa kupanga chithunzi cha thanthwe lolimba pomwe likuphatikizidwa munyumba zamakono zolimba, zotchingira miyala zimatha kukhala chinyengo komanso zenizeni.

Kotero, palibe kukayikira kuti ndipamwamba kuposa miyala yeniyeni yeniyeni, koma pamtengo wotani? Mosiyana ndi zina zotchingira ndi m'mbali mwa njira, miyala yachilengedwe komanso yopangidwa imatha kukhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo kuwonongera mwina ndi chinthu choyamba kuganizira posankha kugwiritsa ntchito. Mukawononga ndalama, lingaliro lanu loti mugwiritse ntchito mwala lidzadalira mayankho a mafunso ambiri. Kodi nyumba yanu idzalimbana ndi dzuwa, mthunzi, ndi chinyezi chochuluka bwanji? Ndi kutentha kotani komwe kudzakumana nako? Kodi makoma anu omwe alipo kale amapangidwa ndi chiyani, ndipo ndiatali bwanji? Kuyika mosamala, gulu lalikulu la "zovala zamiyala" zitha kutengera zovuta zonsezi ndikusintha kwazinthu apa ndikusintha njira yomangira pamenepo (kudzera Armstone).

Koma simupeza zotchingira miyala ngati zotsika mtengo, zogwira mtima, kapena zodalirika monga njira zina zam'mbali. Zachidziwikire, zitha kukhala zodalirika, koma si kubetcha kwanu kotetezeka. Opanga zinthu zomwe zimapikisana nawo nthawi zina amalankhula molimba mtima, momveka bwino kuti kuyika miyala kumalepheretsa mbali zonse zokhotakhota popatsa chinyezi njira yolowera m'makoma anu. Izi ndizowonjezereka, koma pali njere ya choonadi kwa izo. Chifukwa chake kuyika kotetezeka kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ndiye ndalama zomwe mumalipira chifukwa chokulimbikitsani: Makoma amiyala, kaya enieni kapena ayi, ndi okongola kwambiri.