天然石材的制作方法 景观石

仔细想想，天然石材在很大程度上构成了我们现代文明的基础。从我们居住、工作和购物的建筑物到我们行走和驾车的地面，如果没有这种必不可少的自然资源，生活是难以想象的。

各种形式的旅程 天然石材 take from the depths of the earth and into the construction of homes, commercial buildings and roads is a fascinating one. Let us dive in and explore the origins of natural stone and how it’s made.

美丽的天然外墙叠石系统

天然石材的起源

天然石材可分为三类：火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩。

Igneous rocks are the result of magma or lava solidifying and cooling, either beneath the earth’s surface or ejected from volcanoes and left to cool above-ground. Granite is the most common form of igneous stone but other kinds include basalt, dunite, rhyolite and gabbro.

Sedimentary rocks form through a combination of fragments from other rocks, along with the remains of plants, animals and other organic materials. These materials accumulate in deserts, oceans and lakes before they are compressed into their final form by the weight of the earth above them. Limestone is the most common sedimentary rock with siltstone, dolomite and shale comprising other variations.

Metamorphic rocks previously existed as igneous or sedimentary stones and were then transformed due to heat and pressure applied through exposure to magma, the weight of earth above them when buried deep underground, or a combination of both. Marble is the most famous stone of the metamorphic variety and quartzite, soapstone, gneiss and jade, among others, round out this fascinating category.

托斯卡纳的大理石采石场

开采天然石材

大自然完成了实际形成石材的第一步之后，下一步就是在世界各地的采石场由人类之手将石材取出并重新利用。

采石过程非常繁琐，需要强大的机械和熟练的采石工人。在接触石头之前，需要进行一系列操作。

首先，地质学家团队必须在采石场找到可供检查的石材露头。接下来，用金刚石钻头钻入岩石，取出石材样本。然后对样本进行分析，以确定其是否具有用作建筑材料所需的特性。

如果石材符合建筑要求，那么就需要开始漫长且耗时的流程，从当地政府获得适当的执照和许可。根据国家和州的不同，这个过程可能需要数年才能完成。

一旦获得最终批准，就开始清理任何可能妨碍采石过程的碎石、泥土和其他障碍物。此外，许多采石场位于偏远且交通不便的地区，需要修建整条道路和隧道后才能开始真正的工作，这也增加了难度。

金刚石线锯、高功率火炬和定时爆炸的组合被用来将石头从采石场表面分离出来。产生的大块石块通常重达四十吨以上，然后被运送到工厂进行进一步切割和加工。  

采石场工人切割石材

加工天然石材

在加工设施中，石块随后被高速排锯切割成板材，排锯在切割时还会排水以减少粉尘排放。尽管排锯的运行速度很快，但通常需要两天左右的时间才能切割完一块 20 吨重的石块。

接下来，将板材送入抛光机，以获得所需的表面效果。抛光是最常见的表面效果，磨光、皮革和拉丝是其他选项，可在石材表面提供不同程度的纹理。

Now that the slabs are cut to the correct size and have the desired finish, the final stage in a natural stone’s journey into your home takes place at the fabricator’s facility. Here, the stone slabs are further cut to specification for each individual project which includes shaping of the edges into the detail required for installation.

值得等待的旅程

Now that you know the incredible journey that natural stone takes from deep inside the earth and into your kitchen, I’m sure you’ll agree that it is certainly worth the wait. Thanks to advancements in the industry over the years and the demand that exists for natural stone of all kinds, you don’t actually have to sit around while your marble, quartzite or granite is quarried and processed.