Eraikuntzako paisaiaren harrian erabilitako 10 harri mota nagusiak

Piramideetatik Partenoiraino, gizakiak milaka urte daramatzate harriekin eraikitzen. Eraikuntzarako erabiltzen diren harri natural erabilien eta ezagunenen artean basaltoa, kareharria, trabertinoa eta arbela daude. Edozein arkitektok, kontratistak edo igeltserok esango dizu hori harri naturala oso iraunkorra da, inbertsioaren itzulera bikaina eskaintzen duena.

Harri irregularrak

The technical characteristics of different stone such as porosity, compression strength, heat endurance thresholds, and frost resistance, will affect a stone’s application. Stones like basalt, granite, and sandstone fare well for massive construction projects like dams and bridges, whereas travertine, quartzite, and marble work better for interior construction and decoration.

In this blog, we’ll explore different stone types and uses to give you a broad overview of their unique qualities and applications.

Nola desberdina da Harria Rocketik?

While stone and rock are used interchangeably, they are different regarding internal structure and composition. Rocks form part of the earth’s crust and are found virtually everywhere, whereas stones are hard substances like limestone or sandstone extracted from rock, for example.

Desberdintasun nagusia arroka handiagoa dela eta elementu mineralak berreskuratzeko hautsi egiten dela da, harria elkarrekin zementatu daitekeela eraikuntzarako erabilgarriak diren osagaiak osatzeko. Harririk gabe, ez litzateke harririk egongo.

Whether igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary, rocks used for building materials contain different types of stone that can construct some of the most magnificent architectural feats. There are three main types of rock. Let’s examine them more closely.

Harri igneoa

Named after the Latin word for fire, Igneous rocks form when hot, molten magma solidifies below the earth’s surface. This type of rock is divided into two groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending on where the molten rock solidifies. Intrusive igneous rock crystallizes below the earth’s surface, and extrusive rocks erupt onto the surface.

Eraikuntzarako harri igneoak harri mota hauek ditu:

• Granitoa
• Obsidiana
• Gabbro
• Diabasea

Arroka metamorfikoa

Metamorphic rock starts as one type of rock but due to pressure, heat, and time, gradually transforms into a new rock type. Although it forms deep within the earth’s crust, it's often exposed on our planet’s surface after geological uplift and the erosion of rock and soil above it. These crystalline rocks tend to have a foliated texture.

Eraikuntzarako arroka metamorfikoak harri mota hauek barne hartzen ditu:

• Arbela 
• Marmola 
• Gneisa
• Kuartzita 

Arroka sedimentarioa

This rock is always formed in layers called “strata” and often contains fossils. Pieces of rock are loosened by weather, then transported to a basin or depression where the sediment is trapped, and lithification (compaction) takes place. The sediment is deposited in flat, horizontal layers, with the oldest layers on the bottom and younger layers on top. 

Zein dira eraikuntzako harri ohikoenak?

Jarraian, mendeetan zehar erabili diren eta gaur egun gure mundu modernoaren parte eta erabiltzen jarraitzen duten hamar harri mota ohikoenak daude.  

Granitoa

This coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock is composed chiefly of quartz, feldspar, and plagioclase. Granite gets its signature color speckles from crystallization — the longer the molten rock has to cool, the larger the grains of color. 

Available in white, pink, yellow, gray, and black, this building stone is lauded for its durability.  As the earth’s most durable and common igneous rock, granitoa aukera bikaina da erakusmahaietarako, monumentuetarako, espaloietarako, zubietarako, zutabeetarako eta zoruetarako. 

Hareharria

Hareharria kuartzozko eta feldespatozko harea tamainako silikato aleez egindako arroka sedimentario klasikoa da. Gogorra eta eguraldiarekiko erresistentea, eraikuntza-materialaren harri hau askotan erabiltzen da fatxadak eta barruko hormak estaltzeko, baita lorategiko bankuak, zoladura-materialak, patio-mahaiak eta igerilekuen ertzak ere. 

Harri hau harea bezalako edozein kolore izan daiteke, baina kolore ohikoenak beltzarana, marroia, grisa, zuria, gorria eta horia dira. Kuartzo-eduki handia badu, hareharria xehatu eta beira fabrikatzeko silize iturri gisa ere erabil daiteke. 

Kareharria

Kaltzitaz eta magnesioz osatua, arroka sedimentario bigun hau grisa izan ohi da baina zuria, horia edo marroia ere izan daiteke. Geologiaren ikuspuntutik, kareharria itsasoko ur sakonetan edo kobazuloak eratzean uraren lurrunketaren ondorioz sortzen da. 

Arroka honen ezaugarri berezi bat da bere osagai nagusia, kaltzita, oskol-ekoizle eta koral-eraikuntzako organismo bizidunen fosilizazioan sortzen dela. Kareharria eraikuntza-material gisa hormetarako, apaingarrietarako eta xaflarako aplikazio arkitektonikoetan erabiltzen da. 

Basaltoa

Dark and heavy, this extrusive, igneous rock makes up most of the planet’s oceanic crust. Basalt is black, but after extensive weathering, may turn green or brown. Additionally, it contains some light-colored minerals like feldspar and quartz, but these are difficult to see with the naked eye. 

Burdin eta magnesio aberatsa, basaltoa eraikuntzan erabiltzen da eraikuntza-blokeak, harri-harriak, zoru-lauzak, errepideko harria, trenbideen balastoak eta estatuak egiteko. Arroka bolkaniko guztien basaltoa da. 

Marmola

Maitatua, aroetan zehar, bere luxuagatik eta oparotasunagatik, kareharria presio edo bero handia jasaten duenean sortzen den harri metamorfiko ederra da marmola. Normalean, beste mineral batzuk ditu, hala nola, kuartzoa, grafitoa, pirita eta burdin oxidoak, arrosatik marroi, gris, berde, beltz edo kolore anitzeko ñabardura ematen diotenak. 

Zain bereziagatik eta itxura dotoreagatik, marmola harririk onena da monumentuak eraikitzeko, barruko dekorazioa, mahai-oholak, eskulturak eta nobedadeak egiteko. Marmol zuri ospetsuena Carraran (Italia) ateratzen da. 

Arbela

Arbela buztinez edo errauts bolkanikoz osatutako arbel-arbeletik eratorritako arroka sedimentario homogeneoa da, ale finean, hostoduna. Arbeleko jatorrizko buztinezko mineralak mika bihurtzen dira bero eta presio maila gero eta handiagoan jasaten direnean. 

Gray in color, slate contains quartz, feldspar, calcite, pyrite, and hematite, among other minerals. It’s a desirable building stone that’s been utilized in construction since ancient Egyptian times. Today, it’s used as roofing, flagging, decorative aggregates, and flooring because of its attractiveness and durability. 

Pumiz

Pumice is a porous igneous rock produced during volcanic eruptions. It forms so rapidly that its atoms don’t have time to crystallize, essentially rendering it a solidified foam. While it occurs in various colors like white, gray, blue, cream, green, and brown, it is almost always pale. 

Ale fina izan arren, harri honen gainazala latza da. Pumice hautsa isolamendurako hormigoi arinean agregatu gisa erabiltzen da, leuntzeko harri gisa eta industria- eta kontsumo-produktu ezberdinetan, baita leuntzeko harri gisa ere. 

Kuartzita

Beroaren, presioaren eta metamorfismoaren jarduera kimikoaren eraginez kuartzoan aberatsa den hareharria aldatzen denean, kuartzita bihurtzen da. Prozesuan zehar, harea-aleak eta silize-zementua elkarrekin lotzen dira eta, ondorioz, elkarri loturiko kuartzo-aleen sare ikaragarria sortzen da. 

Kuartzita zuria edo kolore argikoa izan ohi da, baina lurpeko urak garraiatzen dituen material osagarriek berde, urdin edo burdina-gorri koloreak eman ditzakete. Oholak, zoladurak, teilatu-teilak eta eskailera eskailerak eraikitzeko harri onenetako bat da, marmol-itxura eta granito-itxurako iraunkortasunagatik.

Trabertinoa

Trabertinoa iturburu naturalen ondoan dauden mineral metakinek sortutako lurreko kareharri mota bat da. Arroka sedimentario honek itxura zuntz edo zentrokidea du eta zuri, beltzaran, krema eta herdoilaren tonuetan agertzen da. Bere ehundura bereziak eta lur-tonu erakargarriak eraikitzeko aplikazioetarako ezaguna da. 

This versatile stone variety is commonly used for indoor and outdoor flooring, spa walls, ceilings, facades, and wall cladding. It’s an affordable option compared to other natural stones like marble, yet still maintains a luxurious appeal. 

Alabastroa

Igeltsu ertain-gogorra, alabastroa, normalean, zuria eta zeharrargitsua izan ohi da ale uniforme finez.

Its small natural grain is visible when held up to the light. Because it’s a porous mineral, this stone can be dyed in a variety of colors. 

It has been used for centuries to make statues, carvings, and other decorative and ornamental work. While the splendor of alabaster is undeniable, it is a soft metamorphic rock that’s only really suitable for indoor applications.

Ondorioa

The many natural stone products on the market and their unique characteristics can make it challenging for contractors and homeowners to select the correct ones for their projects. If you’re new to the process, the first thing to consider is the location of the stone installation. For instance, the type of stones for floor applications will differ if it’s indoors or outdoors. 

Then you’ll need to evaluate the stone’s durability, the fabricator’s warranty, and its grade. There are three grades of natural stone: commercial, standard, and first choice. Standard grade is a good fit for interior applications, like countertops, whereas commercial-grade, may be better for apartment or hotel projects where only a portion of slab is required, and large imperfections can be avoided. 

There’s a lot to consider, right? As well-seasoned experts in the stone business, our team at Stone Center can help you with stone selection for residential and commercial stone projects, regardless of their scale. Why not start by taking a look at our extensive catalog of premium eraikitzeko harria?