ʻO 10 mau ʻano pōhaku kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pōhaku ʻāina

Mai nā pyramid a hiki i Parthenon, ke kūkulu nei nā kānaka me nā pōhaku no nā kaukani makahiki. Ma waena o nā pōhaku maoli i hoʻohana ʻia a kaulana loa i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻo ia ka basalt, limestone, travertine, a me ka slate. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hale kiʻi, ʻaelike, a i ʻole masonry e haʻi iā ʻoe i kēlā pōhaku maoli ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻopukapuka.

ʻO nā pōhaku kūponoʻole

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana o nā pōhaku like ʻole e like me ka porosity, ka ikaika hoʻoemi, nā paepae hoʻomanawanui wela, a me ke kūpaʻa hau, e hoʻopili i ka noi o ka pōhaku. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pōhaku e like me ka basalt, granite, a me ke one no nā hana kūkulu nui e like me nā dams a me nā alahaka, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka travertine, quartzite, a me ke kinikini no ke kūkulu hale a me ka hoʻonaninani.

Ma kēia blog, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano pōhaku like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike ākea o kā lākou mau ʻano a me nā noi.

Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka Pōhaku me ka Pōhaku?

ʻOiai hoʻohana ʻia ka pōhaku a me ka pōhaku, ʻokoʻa lākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o loko a me ka haku ʻana. ʻO nā pōhaku he ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala o ka honua a ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi a pau, akā ʻo nā pōhaku he mea paʻakikī e like me ka limestone a i ʻole ke one i unuhi ʻia mai loko mai o ka pōhaku.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōhaku a wāwahi ʻia e kiʻi i nā mea mineral, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pōhaku i mea e pono ai ke kūkulu ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole pōhaku, ʻaʻohe pōhaku.

ʻO nā pōhaku i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu hale ʻana i nā ʻano pōhaku like ʻole e hiki ke hana i kekahi o nā hana hoʻolālā nani loa. ʻEkolu mau ʻano pōhaku nui. E nānā pono kākou iā lākou.

Pōhaku Igneous

Kapa ʻia ma muli o ka huaʻōlelo Latina no ke ahi, hana ʻia nā pōhaku ʻāʻī i ka wā e paʻa ai ka pelemaka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili honua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano pōhaku i ʻelua pūʻulu, intrusive a extrusive, ma muli o kahi e paʻa ai ka pōhaku hoʻoheheʻe. Pohaku ʻāhuehue hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili honua, a hū aʻe nā pōhaku extrusive i ka ʻili.

ʻO nā pōhaku igneous no ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau ʻano pōhaku:

• Granite
• Obsidian
• ʻO Gabbro
• Diabase

Pōhaku metamorphic

Hoʻomaka ka pōhaku metamorphic ma ke ʻano he ʻano pōhaku akā ma muli o ke kaomi, ka wela, a me ka manawa, hoʻololi mālie ʻia i ʻano pōhaku hou. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻili o ko kākou honua ma hope o ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o ka honua a me ka hū ʻana o ka pōhaku a me ka lepo ma luna. Loaʻa i kēia mau pōhaku crystalline ke ʻano lau.

ʻO ka pōhaku metamorphic no ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau ʻano pōhaku:

• Slate 
• kinikini 
• ʻO Gneiss
• Quartzite 

pōhaku sedimentary

Hoʻokumu mau ʻia kēia pōhaku i nā papa i kapa ʻia ʻo "strata" a loaʻa pinepine i nā mōʻalihaku. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāpana pōhaku e ka wā, a laila lawe ʻia i ke kīʻaha a i ʻole ke kaumaha kahi i paʻa ai ka sediment, a hoʻokō ʻia ka lithification (compaction). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka sediment ma nā papa pālahalaha, me nā papa kahiko loa ma lalo a me nā papa ʻōpio ma luna. 

He aha nā pōhaku hale maʻamau?

Aia ma lalo iho nā ʻano pōhaku maʻamau he ʻumi i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kenekulia a hoʻomau ʻia i ʻāpana a hoʻohana ʻia i ko kākou ao hou i kēia mau lā.  

Granite

ʻO kēia pōhaku igneous intrusive-grained i haku nui ʻia me ka quartz, feldspar, a me ka plagioclase. Loaʻa ka Granite i kāna mau kiko kikoʻī mai ka crystallization - ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka maʻalili ʻana o ka pōhaku i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana kala. 

Loaʻa i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, melemele, hina, a me ka ʻeleʻele, mahalo ʻia kēia pōhaku hale no kona paʻa. Ma ke ʻano he pōhaku paʻa loa o ka honua, granite He koho maikaʻi loa ia no nā countertops, monuments, pavements, alahaka, kolamu, a me nā papahele. 

Pōhaku one

Pōhaku one he pōhaku sedimentary maʻamau i hana ʻia mai ka nui o ke one o ka quartz a me ka feldspar. Paʻakikī a kūpaʻa i ka wā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia pōhaku hale no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā facades a me nā paia o loko, a me nā noho kīhāpai, nā mea paving, nā papa pākaukau, a me nā kihi ʻauʻau. 

ʻO kēia pōhaku ka waihoʻoluʻu e like me ke one, akā ʻo nā kala maʻamau he ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, hina, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele. Inā he kiʻekiʻe ka quartz maʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ke one a hoʻohana ʻia i kumu silica no ka hana aniani. 

Limestone

Hoʻokumu ʻia me ka calcite a me ka magnesium, ʻeleʻele kēia pōhaku sedimentary maʻamau akā keʻokeʻo paha, melemele, a ʻeleʻele paha. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka limestone i loko o ka wai kai hohonu a i ʻole ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ke ana. 

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o kēia pōhaku, ʻo ia ka mea nui, ka calcite, i hana nui ʻia e ka fossilization o nā mea ola e hana ana i ka pūpū a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke koʻa. ʻO ka limestone i mea kūkulu hale hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi hoʻolālā no nā paia, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā veneer. 

Basalt

ʻO ka pōʻeleʻele a me ke kaumaha, ʻo kēia pōhaku extrusive, igneous ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpala moana o ka honua. He ʻeleʻele ka basalt, akā ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo nui ʻana, hiki ke lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau minela ʻulaʻula e like me ka feldspar a me ka quartz, akā paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. 

He waiwai i ka hao a me ka magnesium, hoʻohana ʻia ka basalt i ke kūkulu ʻana e hana i nā poloka hale, nā cobblestones, nā ʻili papahele, nā pōhaku alanui, nā ballast ala kaʻa, a me nā kiʻi. ʻO 90% o nā pōhaku lua pele he basalt. 

kinikini

Aloha nui ʻia, i nā makahiki a pau, no kona nani a me ka nani, ʻo ke kinikini he pōhaku metamorphic nani e hana ʻia ke hoʻokau ʻia ka limestone i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wela. Loaʻa maʻamau i nā minelala ʻē aʻe e like me ka quartz, graphite, pyrite, a me nā oxides hao e hāʻawi iā ia i nā ʻano ʻulaʻula mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa. 

Ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a me kona hiʻohiʻona nani, ʻo ka marble ka pōhaku maikaʻi loa no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā monuments, nā mea hoʻonani o loko, nā papa-papa, nā kiʻi kiʻi, a me nā mea hou. ʻO ke kinikini keʻokeʻo hanohano i ʻeli ʻia ma Carrara, Italia. 

Slate

ʻO ka Slate he pōhaku lepo maikaʻi, foliated, homogenous sedimentary rock i loaʻa mai ka pōhaku shale i haku ʻia me ka pālolo a i ʻole lehu pele. Hoʻololi nā minela pālolo mua i loko o ka shale i nā micas ke ʻike ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela a me ke kaomi. 

ʻO ka ʻeleʻele hina, aia ka quartz, feldspar, calcite, pyrite, a me hematite, a me nā minerala ʻē aʻe. He pōhaku hale makemake ia i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana mai ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita. I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kaupaku, ka hae, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me ka papahele no kona nani a me ka lōʻihi. 

Pumice

ʻO ka Pumice he pōhaku ʻeleʻele i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka lua pele. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka wikiwiki a ʻaʻohe manawa o kāna mau ʻātoma e crystallize, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohua ai. ʻOiai e loaʻa ana ma nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole e like me ke keʻokeʻo, hina, uliuli, ʻaila, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻane mau. 

ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻiliʻili maikaʻi, ʻoʻoleʻa ka ʻili o kēia pōhaku. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pumice pauka ma ke ʻano he hui i loko o ka ʻuala māmā no ka insulation, ma ke ʻano he pōhaku polishing, a ma nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā mea kūʻai aku, a me ka pōhaku polishing. 

Quartzite

Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka pōhaku one waiwai nui i ka quartz e ka wela, ke kaomi, a me ka hana kemika o ka metamorphism, lilo ia i quartzite. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia nā ʻāpana one a me ka silica cement, e hopena i kahi pūnaewele weliweli o nā hua quartz interlocking. 

He keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha ka Quartzite, akā ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia e ka wai lepo hiki ke hāʻawi i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli a i ʻole hao-ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pōhaku maikaʻi loa no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā countertops, nā papahele, nā ʻili hale, a me nā alapiʻi ma muli o kona ʻano like me ke kinikini a me ka lōʻihi like me ka granite.

Travertine

Travertine he ʻano pōhaku ʻeleʻele honua i hana ʻia e nā waihona mineral kokoke i nā pūnāwai maoli. He fibrous a concentric ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia pōhaku sedimentary a hele mai i nā aka keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻaila, a me ka ʻōpala. ʻO kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā leo honua maikaʻi e kaulana ia no nā noi kūkulu hale. 

Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano pōhaku maʻamau no ka papahele o loko a me waho, nā paia spa, nā kaupaku, nā facades, a me nā pale pā. ʻO kahi koho kūpono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pōhaku kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe e like me ke kinikini, eia naʻe e mālama mau nei i kahi hoʻopiʻi nani. 

ʻAlabaster

ʻO ka gypsum paʻakikī, ʻo ka ʻalabata ke keʻokeʻo maʻamau a me ka translucent me kahi hua ʻaʻahu maikaʻi.

ʻIke ʻia kona ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke paʻa i ka mālamalama. No ka mea, he mineral porous ia, hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia kēia pōhaku i nā kala like ʻole. 

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā kenekulia e hana i nā kiʻi, nā kālai, a me nā hana hoʻonaninani a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ka nani o ka ʻalabata, he pōhaku metamorphic palupalu i kūpono wale no nā noi i loko.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka nui o nā huahana pōhaku maoli ma ka mākeke a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa hiki ke paʻakikī i ka poʻe ʻaelike a me nā mea hale e koho i nā mea kūpono no kā lākou papahana. Inā he mea hou ʻoe i ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ka mea mua e noʻonoʻo ai ʻo ia ka wahi o ka hoʻokomo pōhaku. No ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā pōhaku no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahele inā ma loko a ma waho paha. 

A laila pono ʻoe e loiloi i ka lōʻihi o ka pōhaku, ka palapala hōʻoia o ka mea hana, a me kāna papa. ʻEkolu mau māka o ka pōhaku maoli: ʻoihana, maʻamau, a me ka koho mua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka papa maʻamau no nā noi o loko, e like me nā countertops, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pae pāʻoihana, no nā hale noho a i ʻole nā ​​hale hōkele kahi e koi ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana o ka papa, a hiki ke pale ʻia nā hemahema nui. 

Nui nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻeā? Ma ke ʻano he poʻe loea i ka ʻoihana pōhaku, hiki i kā mākou hui ma Stone Center ke kōkua iā ʻoe i ke koho pōhaku no nā pāhana pōhaku hale a me nā ʻoihana, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou nui. No ke aha ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka me ka nānā ʻana i kā mākou papa inoa nui o ka premium pōhaku kūkulu hale?