
Per què n'hi ha pedres naturals considered to be soft when they all appear to be hard? The answer lies within ‘relative’ hardness. Mohs scale of hardness was invented in 1812 and compares the relative hardness of ten minerals. Diamond is the hardest and rates a 10, while granite is the toughest natural stone at 6. Limestone comes in at 3 as does its metamorphic counterpart, marble. Softer stone is easier to dress or carve but does not wear or weather quite as well as harder stone. Here we discuss some of the more popular soft stones along with suitable applications.

La pedra calcària, el gres i l'esquist són els tipus més comuns de roca sedimentària. Aquests es van formar a través d'una pressió tremenda, durant milions d'anys, sobre els sediments que havien caigut al fons de l'oceà.
The layers in slate are described as being “foliated” and they are easily split apart to create whatever thickness is required. UK slate is considered to be hard and was traditionally used as roofing, while soft slate is found in China, Spain, Italy and the USA. With a broad range of natural slate colours, a multiple array of designs can be achieved, from contemporary to classic, rustic to refined. Slate is often recommended for high traffic areas, thanks to its remarkably durable composition. It is also non-porous and does not easily react with acid liquids. It is fire proof, weather resistant and achieves good slip resistance dues to its riven finish.
Limestone is a very common building material and is formed mainly from the mineral calcite, derived from the calcium in bones and seashells deposited over the millennia and forced together through pressure. While it also contains magnesium, it is harder and more weather resistant, and can also be polished. Portland stone from the eponymous island in Dorset is probably the single most famous type of limestone and was used to build many of London’s great buildings. It is used for external cladding as well as paving, fireplaces and other internal and external decorative features. Its soft colours are its trademark visual attributes.
La pedra arenisca era probablement la pedra de construcció més utilitzada abans de 1800, per a tot, des de ponts fins a edificis senyorials. Com es pot inferir del seu nom, es forma quan la sorra, la matèria orgànica, la calcita i una varietat d'altres minerals es van fusionar sota una pressió increïble al llarg dels mil·lennis. Disponible amb una textura gruixuda o fina i tradicionalment es subministra amb un acabat mat. Principalment crema, vermell o gris al Regne Unit, el seu color depèn dels minerals addicionals que hi conté. La sílice aporta blancura, mentre que el ferro donarà un to marró vermellós. Les seves principals àrees d'aplicació són parets i paviments, o paviments exteriors.
El marbre és un derivat de la pedra calcària, format per la metamorfosi de la calor i la pressió colossals durant milions d'anys. Tot i que relativament suau en comparació amb altres pedres, el marbre tendeix a polir increïblement bé. Tradicionalment, el marbre s'utilitza a les portes i ajuda a crear un acabat de gamma alta.